Background: Among different kinds of cells involved in the wound healing process, fibroblasts play a pivotal role in the proliferation phase of this procedure wherein they induce the production of local growth factors and cytokines. Fetal fibroblasts with low immunogenic property and different wound healing process could be considered as a suitable alternative to neonatal foreskin cell based products in regenerative medicine and cell therapy. Cell therapy is an almost newly introduced method in the medical field and is also a challenging issue, which should assure the safety of the final product and the absence of viral or bacterial contamination with minimal immunogenic response. Therefore, based on current GMP (cGMP) principles, it is a matter of great importance to monitor raw materials’ quality and the conformity of all production procedures including cell culture, collection, and cryopreservation with validated standard operating procedures (SOPs). In the current study, we demonstrated the GMP-compatible and clinical-grade fetal fibroblast cells banking to be used for clinical applications. Methods: All steps of isolation and culturing and cryopreservation of fetal fibroblast cells were performed under the sterile condition according to cGMP guidelines in the clean room. During the cell culture procedures, bacteriological investigation was performed in order to identify the probable contamination of the samples. Results: Isolated fetal dermal fibroblasts were harvested and stored at early passages. The viability of fibroblasts was 98%, indicating successful establishment of fibroblast banking. Flow cytometry analysis has revealed the high purity of isolated and cultured fibroblastic population Karyotyping of fibroblasts at the 10th subculture shows a normal diploid male pattern. Conclusions: The manufactured cells, according to the highest level of safety are considered as the most appropriate treatment option for cellular therapy. Based-on the current evidence, clinical-grade fetal fibroblasts throw new light on efficient and prompt healing of acute and chronic wounds of any etiology.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a ubiquitous opportunistic organism that is hard to treat. This study aimed to investigate the association of blaVIM, blaIMP, and blaNDM prevalence with CYCLIC di-GMP (c-di-GMP) in P. aeruginosa. To this end, 27 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were obtained from different hospitals in Baghdad, Iraq. The phenotypic detection of carbapenem and biofilm assays was performed by the M63 minimal medium, supplemented with glucose, magnesium sulfate. The polymerase chain reaction was utilized to detect carbapenem genes. The results showed that the isolates were highly resistant to Imipenem (37%) and Meropenem (63%). Imipenem (37%) and Meropenem (63%) demonstrated a moderate sensitivity against P. aeruginosa. The P. aeruginosa No. 5 showed high resistance to carbapenem by blaVIM +, blaIMP +, and blaNDM +, followed by a robust biofilm confirmed with c-di-GMP levels and the twitching motility ability. Upon these findings, the use of antibiotics should be restricted to severe bacterial infections to avoid the rapid emergence of new resistant isolates, which leads to the hard treatment of infection with P. aeruginosa. It is highly recommended that these findings be notified for infectious control. Future studies can investigate the link between transferable resistant genes and c-di-GMP values.

Background: Anti-CYCLIC citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies are highly specific and predictive for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recently, existence of anti-CCP in several other inflammatory conditions from psoriatic arthritis to neurodegenerative disorder like Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been reported. We compared the level of anti-CCP titer between the patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease; then, we compared it between the patients with mild rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer’s disease.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 40 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 29 patients with Alzheimer’s disease, 30 patients with mild cognitive impairment and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. Anti-CCP titer was measured by solid phase enzyme immunoassay kit. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey tests.Findings: Level of anti-CCP titer (mean±SD) was higher significantly in patients with Alzheimer’ s disease (13.6±1.6) was higher than healthy subjects (4.2±1.1) and patients with mild cognitive impairment (4.8±1.3) (P=0.0100 for both). Anti-CCP serum level in 32.1% of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and 95.5% of patients with mild rheumatoid arthritis was higher than normal range. In addition, the antibody level was significantly higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (54.7±4.8) compared to patients with Alzheimer’s disease (P=0.0001).Conclusion: We obviously observed differences in Anti-CCP titer between patients with Alzheimer’s disease and those with mild rheumatoid arthritis. It was expected since anti-CCP has a high specificity for rheumatoid arthritis and become positive in early stages of disease with a high predictive value. However, we found that in early stages of cognitive impairment, we could not use this biomarker as a diagnostic test but during disease progression, a significant difference was observed between patients with mild cognitive impairment and those with Alzheimer’s disease. It needs more studies to confirm the role of anti-CCP antibody production in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.

The high molecular weight polymeric fraction of gluten, glutenin macro-polymer (GMP) shows strong relation with breadmaking quality of wheat. In this study, GMP was extracted from different Iranian wheat cultivars with different breadmaking performances. The correlation was investigated between the wet weight and (small-strain deformation) rheological characteristic of GMP-gel with bread quality (loaf volume and height). The results showed a significant relation between gel amount and bread loaf volume and height. However, no positive and significant correlation was found between small-strain deformation rheological characteristics (storage modulus and tan delta) with breadmaking characteristics. Concluding, despite to GMP wet weight which is accepted as a predictive measure for breadmaking quality, small-strain deformation rheological analysis of GMP-gel can not be used for screening breadmaking quality between wheat cultivars.